The baritone sax is the lowest-pitched saxophone in common use — the bass, contrabass and subcontrabass saxophones are relatively uncommon. Like all saxophones, it is a single-reed instrument.
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Baritone sax history
The baritone saxophone, commonly referred to as the “bari sax,” is one of the largest and lowest-pitched members of the saxophone family. Its deep, resonant sound adds a powerful, rich tone to ensembles, particularly in jazz, classical, and concert band settings. The instrument is pitched in E♭, an octave lower than the alto saxophone, and has a large mouthpiece and curved neck.
Key features of the bari sax include its extensive lower range, with a characteristic low A note, and its size, which makes it heavier than other saxophones. Because of its robust sound, it’s often used in bass lines, harmonic support, or even as a lead instrument in certain jazz or big band pieces.
In terms of design, the baritone saxophone was created by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s as part of his larger saxophone family invention. Its large tubing gives it a distinctive depth and volume. Like other saxophones, it is a single-reed instrument, and its metal body can vary in finish, from silver to lacquered brass.
Notable baritone sax players include Gerry Mulligan, Pepper Adams, and more recently, Harry Carney, who brought prominence to the instrument in big bands. These musicians helped establish the bari sax’s role not just as a supporting instrument, but as a voice for solos and improvisation in jazz.