A horn is any of a family of musical instruments made of a tube, usually metal and often curved, with one narrow end into which the musician blows, and a wide end from which sound emerges.
Played by:
Glenn Wilson on:
Roy Muth on:
The term generally refers to a brass instrument that produces sound by means of lip vibration, and it can encompass various types of instruments. The history is rich and varied, tracing back to ancient times.
Origins and early history
They have been used since antiquity, initially as signaling devices made from animal horns such as from cows or goats. They served practical purposes in hunting and communication. The transition to more structured instruments began around 1500 BC in Europe, where the first metal ones were developed.
In the 16th century, the natural horn emerged as a prominent instrument in Europe, characterised by its coiled shape and the use of hand-stopping techniques to alter pitch. This type was commonly used in military bands and orchestras.
The Development of the French horn
The modern French horn evolved from the natural version in the 19th century. Innovations such as the addition of valves made it possible to play chromatic scales and a broader range of notes. The double horn, developed in the late 19th century, combined the characteristics of the F and Bb horns, providing greater versatility and ease of play.
Notable composers such as Richard Wagner and Gustav Mahler began to incorporate the instrument extensively in their compositions, enhancing its status in orchestral music. Its warm, rich tone and expressive capabilities have made it a favourite among composers and musicians.
Contemporary use and innovations
Today, they are integral to various musical genres, including classical, jazz, and popular music. The French horn remains a staple in orchestras and chamber music, while other types, like the trumpet and trombone, play prominent roles in jazz and rock ensembles.